by DuttaluruVijayakumar Updated : Oct 16, 2019 in Articles

Encapsulation in c# with real time example

In this article, we will discuss what is encapsulation and encapsulation in c# with real time example by using windows Applications

What is Encapsulation in C#

The warping of data and member functions into the single unit then it called as Encapsulation this data is available at the class level( object within a secured and controlled environment ) and by using Data Hiding we will achieve the Encapsulation in C#

In the class level, we have a Binding of data and behavior i.e. functionality of an object within a secured and controlled environment is also called encapsulation in c#.

Advantages of Encapsulation in C#

✔️ Data Hiding / Abstraction. ✔️Implementation Abstraction ✔️It makes the class simpler to use. ✔️ Loose Coupling

Encapsulation in c# with Example

Go to visual studio ⭢ select windows application ⭢ Name: vechileEncapsulation

Right Click on Solution ⭢ Add ⭢ Class name as Vehicle

Read the given below case study carefully and Build a class called Car Create Car class – Encapsulation

Instance members

VehicleId – This should be auto-incremented for each object.
Registration number: Is of type string.
DateOfManufacture – Is of Type DateTime
Color – Is of type Enum and should be valued from White, Black, Red, Grey, Brown
Make – Is of type string
Model – Is of type string
Price – Is of type Decimal.
current price – Readonly decimal property and should return value depreciated at 10% per annum. If the actual price is 100 after One year its CurrentPrice would be 90(100-10%) and after two
years it would be 81 (90-10%) and so on
Status – A read-only string that shows the current speed of the car.

Instance Constructor:

Provide constructor with Parameters to initialize all the Instance Members
Set Status to “Congratulations on Purchasing a new car”

Static Members:

MaxAccelarateSpeed – When we accelerate the car we cannot increase speed by this amount.
MinDecelarateSpeed – When we decelerate the car, we cannot decrease speed by this amount.
ServiceYears: After these many years, Car cannot Start and will throw an error – “Car Expired”

Instance Methods:

Start() method
- Set the car to an initial speed of 20.
- After Service Years, Car should throw an exception with the message “Car Expired” and not start.
- Change the Status eg. “Car Started at a speed of 20”
Stop() method
- Set the car speed to 0
- Set the Status eg: “Car Stopped”
Accelerate(int offsetSpeed):
- To increase the Speed of Car by offset speed .
- offset speed should not be greater than MaxAccerateSpeed.
- Car Speed should not go beyond 140
Decelerate(int offset speed)
- To decrease the Speed of Car by speed offset.
- offset speed should not be less than MinDecelarateSpeed.
- Car Speed cannot be less than 0.

Add the given below code in your vehicle class this vehicle class can have car class and Enum For colors

public enum Colorss
    {
        White = 0,
        Black,
        Red,
        Grey,
        Brown
    }

    public class Car
    {
        public Colorss color;
        private string _RegNo;
        public string RegNo
        {
            set
            {

                _RegNo = value;
            }
            get
            {
                return _RegNo;
            }
        }
        public static int _PrevId; //Static members are shared by all objects of a class
        private int _VehicleId;
        public int VehicleId
        {
            get
            {
                return _VehicleId;
            }
        }
        public string Model;
        public double Price;
        public int Speed;
        private DateTime _DateOfManufacture; // Date of manufacture should not be more than 15 years
        public DateTime DateOfManufacture
        {
            get
            {
                return _DateOfManufacture;
            }
            set
            {
                _DateOfManufacture = value;
            }
        }
        public string Make;
        public override string ToString() // Overridden ToString() to display current status of car
        {
            string str = "";
            return str += "Your Car is running at the Speed" + Speed + "\r\n Color:" + color + "\r\n Make:" + Make + "\r\n Model:" + Model;
        }
        public Car()
        {
            _PrevId++;
            _VehicleId = _PrevId;
        }
        public Car(string regNo, Colorss color, string model, string make, double price, DateTime dateofmanufacture)
            : this() //Calls default constructor of same class for initializing _Id
        {
            RegNo = regNo;
            this.color = color;
            Model = model;
            Make = make;
            Price = price;
            DateOfManufacture = dateofmanufacture;
        }
        public void Accelerate(int speedIncrement)
        {
            if (Speed + speedIncrement >= 160)
            {
                throw new ApplicationException("You are crossing Maxspeed");
            }
            else
            {
                Speed += speedIncrement;
            }
        }
        public void DeAccelerate(int speedDecrement)
        {
            if (Speed - speedDecrement <= 10)
            {
                throw new ApplicationException("Your car is going to stop");
            }
            else
            {
                Speed -= speedDecrement;
            }

        }
    }

Encapsulation in c# with real time example

Build the GUI as below and program each button using the above Car class.

Right-click on Widform go to view code and add given below code

 public partial class VehicleForm : Form
    {
        public VehicleForm()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        Car objCar;
        private void btnCreate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            objCar = new Car(txtRegNo.Text, (Colorss)Enum.Parse(typeof(Colorss), cmbColor.Text), cmbModel.Text, cmbMake.Text, Convert.ToInt32(txtPrice.Text), Convert.ToDateTime(dtpdate.Text));
            int id = Convert.ToInt32(txtRegNo.Text);
            txtVehicleId.Text = objCar.VehicleId.ToString();

        }
        private void VehicleForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            cmbMake.Items.Add("Fiat-Chrysler");
            cmbMake.Items.Add("Hyundai");
            cmbMake.Items.Add("Maruti");
            cmbMake.Items.Add("Ford Motor");
            cmbMake.Items.Add("Renault-Nissan Alliance");
            cmbColor.Items.Add("Select Color");
            cmbColor.Items.Add("Black");
            cmbColor.Items.Add("Brown");
            cmbColor.Items.Add("Grey");
            cmbColor.Items.Add("White");
            cmbColor.Items.Add("Red");
            cmbColor.SelectedIndex = 0;
            cmbMake.SelectedIndex = 0;
        }
        private void btnget_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            txtVehicleId.Text = objCar.VehicleId.ToString();
            dtpdate.Text = objCar.DateOfManufacture.ToString();
            txtRegNo.Text = objCar.RegNo.ToString();
            cmbColor.Text = objCar.color.ToString();
            cmbModel.Text = objCar.Model.ToString();
            txtPrice.Text = objCar.Price.ToString();
            cmbMake.Text = objCar.Make;
            //txtSpeed.Text = objCar.Speed.ToString();
        }
        private void btnClear_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            txtVehicleId.Clear();
            lblStatus.Text = " ";
            txtRegNo.Clear();
            cmbColor.Text = "";
            cmbModel.Text = "";
            txtPrice.Clear();
            cmbMake.Text = "";
            //txtSpeed.Clear();
        }
        private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if ((DateTime.Now.Year - objCar.DateOfManufacture.Year) > 15)
            { throw new ApplicationException("Error"); }
            objCar.Speed = 20;
        }
        private void btnStop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            objCar.Speed = 0;
            //txtSpeed.Text = null;
        }
        private void btnAccelerate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            objCar.Accelerate(10);
            //txtSpeed.Text = objCar.Speed.ToString();
            lblStatus.Text = objCar.ToString();
        }
        private void btnDeaccelerate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            objCar.DeAccelerate(10);
            txtSpeed.Text = objCar.Speed.ToString();
            lblStatus.Text = objCar.ToString();
        }
        private void dtpdate_ValueChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //DateTime dt = Convert.ToDateTime(dtpdate.Text);
            //if (dt < DateTime.Now.AddYears(-15))
            //{
            //    throw new ApplicationException("Your Registration Number is Expired");
            //}
        }
        private void cmbMake_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            switch (cmbMake.SelectedItem.ToString())
            {
                case "Fiat-Chrysler":
                    cmbModel.Items.Clear();
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Alfa Romeo");
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Fiat");
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Jeep");
                    break;
                case "Hyundai":
                    cmbModel.Items.Clear();
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Hyundai Eon");
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Hyundai i10");
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Hyundai Xcent");
                    break;
                case "Maruti":
                    cmbModel.Items.Clear();
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Maruti Suzuki Alto 800");
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Maruti Suzuki Omni");
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Maruti Suzuki Ritz");
                    break;
                case "Ford Motor":
                    cmbModel.Items.Clear();
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Ford Ecosport");
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Ford Figo Aspire");
                    break;
                case "Renault-Nissan Alliance":
                    cmbModel.Items.Clear();
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Renault Duster");
                    cmbModel.Items.Add("Renault Sandero");
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

Run Application

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DuttaluruVijayakumar

hello ! my name is Duttaluru Vijay.i am working in Microsoft .net technologies since 2016.
I like to share my work experience, research, and knowledge through my blog.
I love developing the applications in Microsoft technologies including asp.net mvc,c#.net, windfarms, SQL server,entityfrawork,Ajax,Jquery,WEbApi,Asp.net core, SEO, WordPress, UI..more

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