In this article, we will learn an Inheritance in c# with real time example by using windows application from scratch
Go to visual studio ⭢ select windows application ⭢ Name: vechileUsingInheritance
Right Click on Solution ⭢ Add ⭢ Class name as Vehicle
Change the vehicle class as an abstract class and add inside the two classes Truck and Car.
Vehicle class is parent class and the car is a child class, under the parent class vehicle we have different types of child vehicles like a car, truck, bike lorry …etc
all child class vehicles have common functionality like start, escalator, breaks, stop, ..etc
The common functionality ( start, escalator, breaks, stop, ..etc ) we will put inside vehicle class and then we will implement in derived child class like car, truck..etc
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace VehicleAssignment
{
public enum Color
{
White = 0,
Black,
Red,
Grey,
Brown
}
abstract class Vehicle
{
public string TypeOfVehicle;
public string RegNo;
public static int _PrevId;
private int _VehicleId;
public int VehicleId
{
get
{
return _VehicleId;
}
}
public string Make;
public string Model;
public Color Color;
public decimal Price;
protected decimal _CurrentPrice;
public decimal CurrentPrice
{
get
{
_CurrentPrice = Price;
int difference = DateTime.Now.Year - DateOfManufacture.Year;
if (difference < Car.ServiceYear)
{
for (int i = 1; i <= difference; i++)
{
_CurrentPrice = (_CurrentPrice - (_CurrentPrice / 10));
}
}
else
{
_CurrentPrice = 0;
}
return _CurrentPrice;
}
}
public int Speed;
public abstract int MaxAccelerate { get; set; }
public static int MinDeaccelerate = 10;
public static int ServiceYear = 15;
public DateTime DateOfManufacture;
protected string _Status;
public string Status
{
get
{
return _Status;
}
}
public Vehicle()
{
_PrevId++;
_VehicleId = _PrevId;
}
public Vehicle(string regNo, string typeOfVehicle, string make, string model, Color color, decimal price, DateTime dateOfManufacture)
: this()
{
this.RegNo = regNo;
this.Make = make;
this.Model = model;
this.Color = color;
this.Price = price;
this.DateOfManufacture = dateOfManufacture;
this.TypeOfVehicle = typeOfVehicle;
}
public abstract void Start();
public abstract void Stop();
public abstract void Accelerate(int offsetSpeed);
public void DeAccelerate(int offsetSpeed)
{
if (offsetSpeed < MinDeaccelerate)
{
throw new ApplicationException("Your car is going to stop");
}
if (Speed <= 10)
{
throw new ApplicationException("Max speed of Car cannot be accelerate");
}
Speed -= offsetSpeed;
_Status = "Your Car has slow down at speed 10 and current spped is" + Speed;
}
}
class Car : Vehicle
{
private int _MaxAccelerate = 10;
public override int MaxAccelerate
{
get
{
return _MaxAccelerate;
}
set
{
_MaxAccelerate = value;
}
}
public Car()
{
//default constructor
}
public Car(string regNo, string typeOfVehicle, string make, string model, Color color, decimal price, DateTime dateofmanufacture)
: base(regNo, typeOfVehicle, make, model, color, price, dateofmanufacture)
{
if ((DateTime.Now.Year - this.DateOfManufacture.Year) == 0)
{
_Status = "Congratulations on Purchasing a new Car";
}
else
{
_Status = "Your current price of the vehicle is:" + CurrentPrice;
}
//this.Status = "Congratulations on buying a new car";
}
public override void Start()
{
Speed = 20;
_CurrentPrice = Price;
int difference = DateTime.Now.Year - this.DateOfManufacture.Year;
if (difference > Vehicle.ServiceYear)
{
throw new ApplicationException("Car Expired");
}
_Status = "car started at the speed of 20";
}
public override void Stop()
{
Speed = 0;
_Status = "Your Car stopped at the speed of" + Speed;
}
public override void Accelerate(int offsetSpeed)
{
if (offsetSpeed < MaxAccelerate)
{
throw new ApplicationException("Your Car cannot start");
}
if (Speed >= 140)
{
throw new ApplicationException("Car cannot cross beyond Max Speed");
}
Speed += offsetSpeed;
_Status = "Your car started at speed of 20 and current speed is: " + Speed;
}
public override string ToString()
{
return "Your Car is running at the Speed" + Speed + "\r\n Color:" + Color + "\r\n Make:" + Make + "\r\n Model:" + Model;
}
}
class Truck : Vehicle
{
private int _MaxAccelerate = 120;
public override int MaxAccelerate
{
get
{
return _MaxAccelerate;
}
set
{
_MaxAccelerate = value;
}
}
public Truck(string regNo, string typeOfVehicle, string make, string model, Color color, decimal price, DateTime dateofmanufacture)
: base(regNo, typeOfVehicle, make, model, color, price, dateofmanufacture)
{
//this.Status = "Congratulations on buying a new Truck ";
if ((DateTime.Now.Year - DateOfManufacture.Year) == 0)
{
_Status = "Congratulations on Purchasing a new Truck";
}
else
{
_Status = "Your current price of the vehicle is:" + CurrentPrice;
}
}
public override string ToString()
{
return "Your Truck is running at the Speed" + Speed + "\r\n Color:" + Color + "\r\n Make:" + Make + "\r\n Model:" + Model;
}
public override void Accelerate(int offsetSpeed)
{
if (Speed + offsetSpeed >= _MaxAccelerate)
{
throw new ApplicationException("Your crossing Max speed");
}
else
{
Speed += offsetSpeed;
}
}
public override void Start()
{
Speed = 20;
_CurrentPrice = Price;
int difference = DateTime.Now.Year - this.DateOfManufacture.Year;
if (difference > Vehicle.ServiceYear) //Car.ServiceYear
{
throw new ApplicationException("Truck Expired");
}
_Status = "Truck started at the speed of 20";
}
public override void Stop()
{
Speed = 0;
_Status = "Your truck stopped at the speed of" + Speed;
}
}
}
Right click on the solution and add wind form and design a wind from like given below screen
Right-click on Widform go to view code and add given below code
public partial class VehicleForm : Form
{
public VehicleForm()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
Vehicle objVehicle;
private void btnCreate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (rbnCar.Checked)
{
objVehicle = new Car(txtRegNo.Text, rbnCar.Text, cmbMake.Text, cmbModel.Text, (Color)Enum.Parse(typeof(Color), cmbColor.Text), Convert.ToDecimal(txtPrice.Text), dtpdate.Value);
}
else if (rbnTruck.Checked)
{
objVehicle = new Truck(txtRegNo.Text, rbnTruck.Text, cmbMake.Text, cmbModel.Text,(Color) Enum.Parse(typeof(Color),cmbColor.Text), Convert.ToDecimal(txtPrice.Text), Convert.ToDateTime(dtpdate.Text));
}
txtVehicleId.Text = objVehicle.VehicleId.ToString();
lblmsg.Text = objVehicle.Status;
}
private void VehicleForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
cmbMake.Items.Add("Select Car Type");
cmbMake.Items.Add("Fiat-Chrysler");
cmbMake.Items.Add("Hyundai");
cmbMake.Items.Add("Maruti");
cmbMake.Items.Add("Ford Motor");
cmbMake.Items.Add("Renault-Nissan Alliance");
cmbColor.Items.Add("Select Color");
cmbColor.Items.Add("Black");
cmbColor.Items.Add("Brown");
cmbColor.Items.Add("Grey");
cmbColor.Items.Add("White");
cmbColor.Items.Add("Red");
cmbColor.SelectedIndex = 0;
cmbMake.SelectedIndex = 0;
cmbModel.SelectedText = "Select Model";
}
private void btnget_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
dtpdate.Text = objVehicle.DateOfManufacture.ToString();
txtRegNo.Text = objVehicle.RegNo.ToString();
cmbColor.Text = objVehicle.Color.ToString();
cmbModel.Text = objVehicle.Model;
txtPrice.Text = objVehicle.Price.ToString();
cmbMake.Text = objVehicle.Make;
txtSpeed.Text = objVehicle.Speed.ToString();
txtVehicleId.Text = objVehicle.VehicleId.ToString();
}
private void btnClear_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
lblStatus.Text = " ";
txtRegNo.Clear();
cmbColor.Text="";
cmbModel.Text = "";
txtPrice.Clear();
cmbMake.Text = "";
txtSpeed.Clear();
txtVehicleId.Text = "";
}
private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
objVehicle.Start();
lblStatus.Text = objVehicle.Status;
txtSpeed.Text = "20";
if ((DateTime.Now.Year - objVehicle.DateOfManufacture.Year) > Vehicle.ServiceYear)
{
throw new ApplicationException("Your car service year has expired");
}
//lblStatus.Text = ;
}
private void btnStop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
objVehicle = null;
txtSpeed.Text = null;
}
private void btnAccelerate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (Convert.ToInt32(txtSpeed.Text) < 20)
{
throw new ApplicationException("Car speed should not be less the 20");
}
objVehicle.Accelerate(Convert.ToInt32(txtSpeed.Text));
lblStatus.Text = objVehicle.ToString();
}
private void btnDeaccelerate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
objVehicle.DeAccelerate(Convert.ToInt32(txtSpeed.Text));
lblStatus.Text = objVehicle.ToString();
}
private void cmbMake_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
switch (cmbMake.SelectedItem.ToString())
{
case "Fiat-Chrysler":
cmbModel.Items.Clear();
cmbModel.Items.Add("Alfa Romeo");
cmbModel.Items.Add("Fiat");
cmbModel.Items.Add("Jeep");
break;
case "Hyundai":
cmbModel.Items.Clear();
cmbModel.Items.Add("Hyundai Eon");
cmbModel.Items.Add("Hyundai i10");
cmbModel.Items.Add("Hyundai Xcent");
break;
case "Maruti":
cmbModel.Items.Clear();
cmbModel.Items.Add("Maruti Suzuki Alto 800");
cmbModel.Items.Add("Maruti Suzuki Omni");
cmbModel.Items.Add("Maruti Suzuki Ritz");
break;
case "Ford Motor":
cmbModel.Items.Clear();
cmbModel.Items.Add("Ford Ecosport");
cmbModel.Items.Add("Ford Figo Aspire");
break;
case "Renault-Nissan Alliance":
cmbModel.Items.Clear();
cmbModel.Items.Add("Renault Duster");
cmbModel.Items.Add("Renault Sandero");
break;
}
}
}
Run the application and go through implemented code
Inheritance in c# with real time example Description
Vehicle(Parent class):
Instance Fieldmembers:
- public-NoOfTyres- no of tires
- private-Accessories-check if accessories present or not
- protected-Brand- Brand of the car.
Static FieldMember: private- Counter-No of Vehicle objects created
Constructor: Parameterless Constructor: Increment Counter. Parameterized Constructor with parameters as noOfTyres, accessories, and brand.
Instance Methods: IsPresent()-Print message with the Number of Vehicle objects created. GetBrand()-Print message with the Brand name of the vehicle.
StaticMethod: GetNoOfVehicles().
Car(Child class):
Constructor: Parameterized Constructor with parameters as noOfTyres, accessories, brand and car number also call the base class constructor.
Instance Field Member: CarNumber with private access modifier.
Instance Method: PrintCarInfo().
Main: Create Car Instance and initialize values to the field members.
Calling PrintCarInfo() Method.